By analyzing Debussy’s composition La fille aux cheveux de lin, we can see that its harmonic progression is not at all what would be used in the Classical or Romantic periods. Debussy is considered a representative of Impressionism, and one of the resources he used was to set aside chord hierarchies, abandoning the V chord as the dominant.
Let’s look at the first measures of this piano piece by the French composer; we will focus only on the theme presented in the first 10 measures. The image below shows the chord symbols that correspond to the chords present in the work.
First, we notice that since the piece is in G-flat, it showcases the Gb chord with added 6th and 9th. We can see its dominant, Db, appear, but it does not resolve to the tonic with a V–I cadence. In this case, its function leads to an E-flat minor (Ebm) on its first appearance, and to a B-flat (Bb) in measure 6. Measures 8 through 10 show a playful Gb, sometimes with a suspended 4th and with the added 6th to give it a different color.
The most notable element in closing that theme is the use of a II chord resolving to I — in this case, an Absus7/Db resolving to Gb. Here, the Cb present in that chord resolves to the Bb of the Gb, acting as the leading-tone–tonic relationship that would traditionally be fulfilled by the 3rd of the V chord resolving to I.
It’s very interesting how the dominant chord is not necessary to resolve to the tonic; strategies like this exist where, despite not being a dominant chord, that II gives a sense of closure.
I decided to use these Debussy-like strategies in one of my own compositions titled Impresionist, which we share here so you may honor us with your ears.
Here is the score for those who want to give it a go:
For this composition, tonality changes to G but adopts the IIm7-I resolution. The melody fools around with the 6th and the 9th, whereas the subtheme consists of the following chord progression: D-Em-F-C that resolves to G in a plagal cadence IV-I.




